Computercraft wireless modem. Members 775 posts Posted 31 October 2016 - 11:17 PM. Computercraft wireless modem

 
 Members 775 posts Posted 31 October 2016 - 11:17 PMComputercraft wireless modem <b>sretupmoc eht ton ,smedom eht neewteb si ecnatsid ehT </b>

Yes- Computer (API) The Advanced Computer is a Computer that has mouse support and can use the Color API for screen colors. No. Though I was not able to find any tutorials - all of the tutorials I found were using Craft os 1. We use some programs that working with wireless modems but our problem is that the signal of the modems aren't reach anywhere where we want. There are two programs. The server doesn't need and configurations at all it just needs to be running the. There are a few ways. What I want to do, is to make a to do list on one computer, and have it display on the other computer's. 1. getNames. Communication programs To manage. I looked up the modem API on the ComputerCraft website but I could not find a way to do it. Go to the computercraft wiki for the full documentation. Wireless modems (1 for the regular computer, 1 for the pocket computer & 1 per turtle) How to set it up: Central computer The central computer is the computer hooked up to all chests, and manages. Wired Modems. 2020 (1023) tháng 1 2020 (1023) Calsa Crown Indonesia | P. You can either equip the wireless modem with turtle. Many people even use modem router combo units, which contain a modem, router, and wireless access point all in one device. You can use CC io functionality to communicate unlimited ranges with computers. Alle Geräte sind mittels der Lua, der Skriptsprache der ComputerCraft API, genannt CCLua, programmierbar. Wireless modems do not connect to peripherals -- only wired modems can do that. I recently saw a youtube video featuring computercraft though and wanted to come back and play with it. Home. host(string protocol, string. It can be controlled using a Computer also equipped with a Modem, with a range of 50 m. Bug in wireless modems Started by Cloudy, Apr 17 2012 02:17 PM Prev; Page 2 of 2 ; 1; 2; You cannot reply to this topic; Go to first unread post; 24 replies to this topic #21 Wolvan. The best wireless routers include both mesh routers and single-unit routers from Eero, Netgear, TP-Link and others that provide fast, reliable. 5: Redesigned Wireless Modems; they can now send and receive on multiple channels, independent of the computer ID. open ('top') -- Open Connection to the wireless router print ("test") input = read () rednet. Started by Zetrious, Dec 24 2017 02:00 PM This topic is locked; Go to first unread post; 18 replies to this topic #1 Zetrious. You place this on a computer by holding sneak and right clicking the computer. ComputerCraft Wiki: Want to learn how to code with ComputerCraft?Lyqyd, on 17 November 2013 - 01:39 PM, said: The options are adjustable in the computercraft configuration file. Members 15 posts Posted 24 December 2017 - 02:00 PM. computercraft. Is there anyway to create a turtle upgrade that does not make the turtle lose the capabilities of the wireless modem? The two ways I thought of are either inheriting from the existing wireless modem upgrade, or I guess having two peripherals on one turtle -- but I can't see a way to do either. Then, the modem must be wrapped as a peripheral using peripheral. Added Wireless Modems. For example: I have 1 Master computer and 2 slaves. receive(optionalTimeout)I need a program called "alarm" that sends a wireless signal from a wireless pocket computer to a computer which is gonna output a steady redstone signal to the right side. Rednet scripts. Members Online • Vlncey. . receive). rednet. A Wireless Turtle can be controlled from a computer that also has a Wireless Modem (the range is a 64 block radius - it changes to a 17 block radius during a thunder storm). It is relatively cheap to maintain, however you must first find a diamond pickaxe. We will be. hey. github. Then, the modem must be wrapped as a peripheral using peripheral. 4: The send and receive range of wireless modems now increases with altitude, allowing long range networking from high-altitude Computers. ComputerCraft Automated Reactor Controller. ModemsGo to ComputerCraft r. By default, a monitor has a resolution of 7 pixels horizontally by 5 pixels horizontally, but this can be increased. Aneka Jenis Belut yang Ada di Indonesia - Mancin. The Mining Turtle is a block added by ComputerCraft, extending the functionality of the Turtle. This version also fixes a possible duplication bug in the Trans World Modems and ships with the CC API and the Peripheral Cables API to allow this mod to run without either installed. none is detected. Here are my ideas WIRELESS: New rednet function: ping; Used so that a wireless modem can be placed anywhere in a 10+ (whatever) block radius, and a computer can still connect to it, instead of connecting it to the computer. Feb 17, 2014. Introducing CCBridge. So I'm just trying to make a simple program where one computer is a. The mining turtle is most commonly used as an early-game form of automatic mining. On top of this computer place a wireless modem; Download and launch the WirelessPeripheralModem program (pastebin get mSEjs3Xf wlm) Computer side: Place your computer;. Computer B will listen for the message. . . These can save space and eliminate some wires, but just like shampoo and. VERSION: MC 1. → ComputerCraft; → Suggestions; 0. I had the default config until I got the following error: Domain not permitted. com log: Can it be repeated: Attempt to craft the Void Stone blocks using 1 ender pearl surrounded by 8 smooth stone blocks in a crafting table. This article is about the monitor block. You could also look into using wireless modems on the computers/turtles and having them control. Turtles use the Turtle API to move and. Four years ago today, I released the first version of ComputerCraft for Minecraft version 1. I did that back in the first tekkit multiplayer pack. We have sending and receiving code for both computers. Contents. 6 or later returns message protocols instead, though distance can still be obtained via direct use of the Modem API. lua on each client computer with a drive and modem attached. 9 (Forge 11. You can either equip the wireless modem with turtle. Thank you in advance. Not as useful as you might think - when determining whether two modems can communicate, ComputerCraft checks only the range of the stronger of the two. 62 / Creative Single Player (untested in other play modes) Description: Standard turtles are unable to equip wireless modems, although Advanced turtles are able to equip them. Topics include the Redstone API, Modem API, and sending/receiving messages via modems. Added by ComputerCraft 1. send() sends messages both on the modem channel equal to the ID specified, and on channel 65535. Members 8 posts Posted 01 July 2014 - 11:37 PM. EDIT: This is assuming you are using WR:CBE. Syntax. The Wireless Pocket Computer is the same as a regular Pocket Computer, but has an integrated Wireless Modem . They can be placed next to a computer, or equipped as a pocket computer or turtle upgrade. Hello everyone this is my first post Anyways, I have been working on a ctf game using CC and MoarPeripherals. ccemux. I used two wireless modems, and using various online threads and websites, I figured out how to connect the two computers together, connect the monitor to the computer, the reactor to my turtle, and how to do some basic monitor coding. Contribute to dan200/ComputerCraft development by creating an account on GitHub. In this situation if all goes down to how many ender-pearls you want to spend on wireless modems. The only way to do what you ask is through having 2 computets with a wirelessmodem on each and then using rednet/modem api. getInventorySize() > 0 then --pim. local modem = peripheral. Well, not very confident if it's a bug. The whole setup needs 2x Advanced Computers, 2x Wireless Modem, 20x Advanced Monitors. I have a little backround in programming a little in a few languages but mainly with Visual Basic. I run Computercraft on a Server with a friend. Ender modems act as long-distance wireless modems, and are capable of cross-dimensional communications. add 4 wifi modems to slot 2. While running, it constantly monitors modem channel 65533 for incoming rednet messages, and re-sends anything it detects (as of CC 1. CC 1. You'd have to account for the energy loss, but even then, you only need 320 different levels (+1 for blank I guess; assuming 25% loss) and a conduit can carry 400/t. 8. When os. receive () -- Listen for messages send/broadcasted if message then. Mar 07, 2021, 12:49 PM. 6 In this episode we cover both wired and wireless modems. . I am making a program and i want it to check if their is a wireless modem on the PC. ComputerCraft | Programmable Computers for Minecraft;. On turtles wireless modem is mutually exclusive to chunk loader. open(61) --#Any number 1-65535. 6 introduced the repeat program, which allows rednet to relay messages between computers. In real life, this could be the computer you are using to read this tutorial. as long as the source and target computers (or any in-between that are repeating the signal) are in loaded chunks the message will be received as long as they're within range, which you can modify the wireless range in the config file. Category:他MODが提供するAPIによって、ComputerCraftのコンピュータから他のMODのデバイスを制御すると行ったことも可能である。. add 600 fuel (one bucket of lava is 1200) add 4 computers to slot 1. attack() having a very short range. In order to place a modem, right click any side of the computer. {"payload":{"allShortcutsEnabled":false,"fileTree":{"src/main/resources/assets/computercraft/lua/rom/programs":{"items":[{"name":"advanced","path":"src/main/resources. 1. g. send() or rednet. id would like computer 3 to ask computer 1&2 for informand like reactor1. Aneka Jenis Belut yang Ada di Indonesia - Mancin. To use these features, interface with modem. Basically, wireless over a long distance could take a tiny amount of time which is editable in the config as meters per tick. See also: Wired Radio, Ender Modem. Config ComputerCraft. Peripherals can be attached to a computer either from the shell or in Lua. Now, signals can be sent through the Rednet. Gets a unique identifier representing this type of turtle upgrade. The advanced monitor has a golden appearance to reflect its crafting recipe. I'd still like to be able to figure out how to do it with Computercraft modems, since I can think of a few other things I'd like to be able to automate that way. P. It allows the turtle to communicate wirelessly with other turtles, and with computers (within a certain distance set by the player, or server admin if playing online). ComputerCraft adds three different kinds of modems: wired modems, which allows a computer to be connected to another through wires. You cannot reply to this topic; Go to first unread post; 6 replies to this topic #1 Dmac9244. info" will restrict access to just those 3 domains. ccDHD is a multi-computer system for controlling a LanteaCraft or SGCraft stargate. Wired modems are awesome is all I can say Anyway, was playing about a bit and wanted to have some wireless devices and wired devices running on the same network and have given it a quick blast. However to communicate with any turtle. It's doable, but not really. Bug in wireless modems Started by Cloudy, Apr 17 2012 02:17 PM Page 1 of 2 ; 1; 2; Next; You cannot reply to this topic; Go to first unread post; 24 replies to this topic #1 Cloudy. Shop WiFi internet routers and. Arris SBG6782. Topic: Help scripting multiple Turtles to tunnel via wireless Content: I am trying to figure out how to command multiple wireless Mining Turtles through a wirelessly-enabled computer. Skynet modem messages can be any message CBOR-encodable. It allows the turtle to not only place and interact with blocks, but also break them. ComputerCraft is a mod by Daniel Ratcliffe that adds computers and assorted peripherals to the Minecraft world. Protip though: local modem = peripheral. # The range of Wireless Modems at low altitude in clear weather, in meters I:modem_range=64 # The range of Wireless Modems at low altitude in stormy weather, in meters. Sends a message and a reply channel over the specified channel. Whether you’re a seasoned Computercraft player or just starting out, this comprehensive guide will walk you through the process of setting up and using a wireless modem in Computercraft to unlock a world of endless creativity and efficiency. They are usually triggered by ComputerCraft itself, when it needs to notify the computer that something happened. ComputerCraft consiste essentiellement en trois composants importants; l' ordinateur (Computer), les Turtles, et les Périphériques (Peripherals) qui se relient aux deux éléments précédemment cités pour étendre leurs fonctionnalités de base. 6+ is a two+ piece solution that uses rednet for basic wireless control of redstone output on one or more computers (with wireless modems) or wireless turtles. Known Fix:ComputerCraft | Programmable Computers for Minecraft;. I have 2 Computers with modems and the idea is that Computer one sends an order to computer 2 via wireless modem, I need Computer 2 (There will be many others listening too) to output a redstone signal if the order. You can use CC io functionality to communicate unlimited ranges with computers. The central computer requires both a wireless and a wired modem. From this script, you can run another script by. You can use Redstone and even RedPower 2 alongside your computers. ccDialer is an optional add-on. I recently saw a youtube video featuring computercraft though and wanted to come back and play with it. Door lock program for ComputerCraft using secure remote servers, supporting optional key expiration & use limits - client. How to make a wireless lua prompt: first: copy the base lua program and edit to do this, simply run: "copy rom/programs/lua . Rahul Gandhi with his parents and sister - Awaaz N. A Turtle equipped with a Wireless Modem allowing remote access. then, in code, just use the inventory methods as normal, using the networked names of the chests:How to monitor RF with ComputerCraft. Example: Prints whether the modem on top of the computer is wireless or wired. maybe you should whitelist by the id or the protocol. Just hook up with wired or wireless modems, depending on the distance and type of wireless you prefer, enter a username and chat away. In order to hook up a monitor, you can place the blocks directly next to the computer, or with a wired modem hooked onto both the computer and monitor. The wiki was not much help either. Turtles may be equipped with a diverse array of tools and peripherals (one on each side) making it a highly versatile autonomous. . First, developing its own silicon had helped improve device performance and increase profit margins. First, you need a computer to use a client, which needs a modem. For the monitor's API, see Term (API) The Monitor is a block that can display text on its front side. how can i interface a wireless to a wired network. Or at least, this was true quite a few CC versions ago - I've not tried the same rednet-intensive scripts for a while, but when I do, I build in code to deal with "missing messages" (eg "if not received within X amount of time, request a resend",. The Wireless Modem is a Peripheral that allows both Computers and Turtles to send messages to each other wirelessly. local modem = peripheral. getNames() table:. If you wanted, with a bit of playing around with code you could use this so you can use the messages sent on the network to display messages sent by you and other staff on a board at spawn, or even in. You can mix the modems as well, just don't try to use a wired one. Playing audio with speakers: CC: Tweaked's speaker peripheral provides a powerful way to play any audio you like with the speaker. Write files to send data, read files to. ComputerCraft is a Minecraft mod which adds programmable computers, turtles and more. Members 3,002 posts Location United States of America; Posted 01 October 2014 - 05:28 PM. The modem API doesn't acutally exist. → ComputerCraft; → Ask a Pro; 1. Before you can start using rednet you will need two computers and two wireless modems attached to the a fore mentioned computers, Once attached we are going to have to 'open' the rednet on this modem. Add comment. → ComputerCraft; → Bugs; 1. Please like, comment, and subscribe. com;*. I have scoured the internet for a few days, gone to the Computercraft Wiki numerous times, browsed the forums and asked people on IRC, and I'm at a loss as. CALSA CROWN INDONESIA; Terinspirasi Belut Listrik, Peneliti ini Mengemb. With this, you can send a name of a program to the computer. I'm not on my home PC at the moment so i can't confirm that this code will work but try this: rednet. rednet provides a layer of abstraction on top of the main modem peripheral, making it slightly easier to use. → ComputerCraft; → Ask a Pro; 0. The Modem (API) is the interface which is provided when one of the. . equipLeft () or turtle. run minecraft open that computer use "dir" command if you see the name of the file you made then. This is a completely new emulator written from scratch, as a 'revival' of my original emulator CCEmu, It's written in Java and makes use of the ComputerCraft jar. transmit(1, 1, ". Function rednet. getType() you can only see modem is there a way to check this or must this be filled in manualy?About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright. Then, on the computer that attaches to the door/redstone wire run: pastebin get 4QeAEiTM startup. open("bottom") id, msg = rednet. Allowing access to local IPs: By default, ComputerCraft blocks access to local IP addresses for security. Hi there. You cannot reply to this topic; Go to first unread post; 5 replies to this topic #1 ftank12. Capicua – Me2020 (1511) May 2020 (3) January 2020 (1508) Feisty Pets: Prank Stuffed Animals That Turn From. There's a bunch of stuff about it on the forums and wiki, but I'll give a rundown of the basic commands. . Rednet uses several methods to interact with other computers. isWireless ()-- Check this modem is wireless. New Members. Computer_2 with wireless modem \_____ monitor +====+ +8888+~~~~~networking cable~~~~~[ ]) Compute_3 with wireless modem +====+ i hope this makes since. Place a wired modem on the back of it (you need to sneak right-click). run minecraft open that computer use "dir" command if you see the name of the file you made then. while running = true do. However, if the Turtle is of the Wireless family, the Disk Drive (and other peripherals) must be placed on a side other than the side the wireless modem is on. receive()ComputerCraft Wiki: to learn how to code with ComputerCraft? Join Mango as he teaches you the simplest way p. Jul 29, 2019 1,360 0 0. . → ComputerCraft; → Ask a Pro; 1. The only reason this is getting resuggested is because wireless modems were recently changed to be more realistic. → ComputerCraft; → Ask a Pro; 0. There are a few ways. They resemble the traditional computer console, but are golden coloured to match their crafting recipe. It allows you to manage your address book and wirelessly dial addresses from an advanced wireless pocket computer. In order to send a message between two computers, each computer must have a modem on one of its sides (or in the case of pocket computers. Spoiler. Wired Modems. Here's a small example of what you need to do. equipLeft () or turtle. Work In Progress Greetings, This is a tutorial to writing Client/Server applications using ComputerCraft. modem_highAltitudeRange=384 I:modem_highAltitudeRangeDuringStorm=64 I:modem_range=64 I:modem_rangeDuringStorm=16. Check out my new ComputerCraft Programs Spotlight seriesthe receiver has a Fiber Modem however, then the delay is shortened by (N / 5), N being the delay if the receiver had a regular wireless modem. From the Computer, you will be able to make programs, turn on and off Redstone, use Rednet, play games, and much more. At least one such modem must first be "opened" before sending is possible. 53, table s were also received as nil. Who posted in: Wireless modem. • 3 yr. getOutput("side") to return the output of that side here is an example: sender: rednet. Members Online • Reece709 . All have wireless modems wrapped properly. Interface IUpgradeBase. CALSA CROWN INDONESIA; Terinspirasi Belut Listrik, Peneliti ini Mengemb. Both advanced and standard versions are available. These are computers running the special gps host program, which tell other computers the host's position. Assuming the target was in range and also had a correctly. 349. Example: M = Regular Modem, F = Fiber Modem M > 7 blocks away > M = 0 Second delay, but the distance is limited. Chunk 2 is unloaded. send(id, "youre message") id,message,distance = rednet. ComputerCraft is a mod by Daniel Ratcliffe that adds computers and assorted peripherals to the Minecraft world. Along with emulating ComputerCraft's core, CCEmuX also emulates a couple of CC's peripherals. peripheral. CALSA CROWN INDONESIA; Terinspirasi Belut Listrik, Peneliti ini Mengemb. Hi there. Wired and wireless modems are both called "modem"]] local modem = wrapOnePeripheral("modem")Ender modems act as long-distance wireless modems, and are capable of cross-dimensional communications. You need a computer that receives the messages and prints them on the monitor. Probably the easiest is having turtle use disk drives to communicate. send (1,"money") This will send the word "money" to computer with the ID 1 ONLY. (API) You need a wireless turtle and a wireless modem on your computer. → ComputerCraft; → Ask a Pro; 1. Members 160 posts Posted 21 July 2013 - 07:56 AM. Capicua – MeTurtle emulation plugin for CraftOS-PC. this applies to wired modems not just wireless modems, however a network cable only has a range. It worked, thanks! r/ComputerCraft. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. That means the program is "stopped" until it get something. Topics include the Redstone API, Modem API, and sending/receiving messages via modems. Checking if a file exists: fs. The Wireless Turtle is a block added by the ComputerCraft mod. → ComputerCraft; → Ask a Pro; 0. Be aware that rednet. id, msg = rednet. OtherCause Satellites and range extension/repeaters are easy to make using what we have in ComputerCraft right now. wrap ("back") for i = 1, 100, 1 do. seiterarch • 10 yr. I wrote almost everything. You place a modem (wireless or wired) onto a computer via shift + right click. wireless modems, which allows a computer to be connected to others without wires with a limited range depending on the weather. LostVint#0768. You place a modem (wireless or wired) onto a computer via shift + right click. quick and easy one - wireless modem. modem. playAudio. All modules which can be placed in a. 2. The first number is the frequency to. CALSA CROWN INDONESIA; Terinspirasi Belut Listrik, Peneliti ini Mengemb. Back to top #3 Agoldfish. Wired Modem is a block added by the ComputerCraft mod. Wireless Modems and listening Started by Dmac9244, Jul 01 2014 11:37 PM wireless networking api. → ComputerCraft; → Suggestions; 1. Although, 1 chunk radius simple device is enough for me. > Routers & Modems. Validating 201 posts Location Netherlands; Posted 08 October 2012 - 05:28 AM. You can also optionally attach a speaker for audio feedback. The recipe is unrelated to the function of the chunk loader. The application works by starting the client side of the code on a wireless turtle, and then connecting to that turtle with. Solution: thesbros, on 21 May 2012 - 03:37 AM, said:I'm trying to make a computer broadcast a rednet signal (Bundled Cable) using a wireless modem. Well if i close off the wired modem and only keep the wireless modem on then how will i be able to upload data because only the download portion will be active if i do that Is there a way i can make a custom rednet API or something to only use the selected modem side or something . com;*. Basically, wireless over a long distance could take a tiny amount of time which is editable in the config as meters per tick. The sentence will be outputted to the. open(61) --#Any number 1-65535. In order to. 7. Floppy Disks and Peripherals. This is the basic code I use most of the time. Moderators. ComputerCraft version: 1. rednet. Set up one regular computer to run the "repeat" script through an Ender Modem, and you'll find Pocket Computers with regular Wireless Modems can communicate nearly anywhere throughout your whole world. Both blocks use the same recipe but the ComputerCraft wireless modem takes priority. ( You don't need to use wired modems when there's wireless ones ) Edited by Hellkid98, 11 November 2013 - 02:34 PM. - Download the Minecraft Mod CC: Tweaked by squiddev on Modrinth. The api is meant to be run on a (wireless) pocket computer, but it will also run just fine on a computer (if they wireless modem is placed on the back). 8!As well as targeting a new Minecraft version, this new version of ComputerCraft features inter-dimensional modems, international text support, new. Breaking and re-placing the turtle allows the turtle to function normally, and it to access the modem again. Wirelessmodems are not like wiredmodems. These computers are fast and have redstone, computation, and even. It can emulate many peripherals available in ComputerCraft, making them available through the peripheral API. My advanced computer only detect peripheral like Modem or Wireless Modem. ccDialer is an optional add-on. if not side then -- nil in Lua is interpreted as false print( "No. . If in doubt, you can always pop into a creative world to test . 4. pullEvent () is called, the computer waits until an event occurs. Aneka Jenis Belut yang Ada di Indonesia - Mancin. Ender Modems. I tried Vanilla wooden chest, Gold Chest, Ender Chest. txt however, i might have found something related to the issue. g. To open files on the computer, you have to add the computer folder to your workspace. transmit(1, 2, "setActive(true)") This message will caught secondary computerComputerCraft | Programmable Computers for Minecraft;. while running = true do. The Computer is the main block of ComputerCraft. Edited by houseofkraft, 27 September 2016 - 11:49 PM. Jump to how to use it. 2 modpack and it. Check if a modem exists. I would like to set up a big computercraft network with one main computer using wireless modems and rednet api. Several hosts running together are known as a GPS constellation. local modem = peripheral. Wireless Modems and listening Started by Dmac9244, Jul 01 2014 11:37 PM wireless networking api. Types of modem. Change relayID [line 8] to. This would monitor the reactor and send updates to your "display" computer - which would arrange the data properly as well as send back the signals to turn the reactor on/off. For example, if you said to dial ``9,1-206-637-9009'', you'll see: ATDT9,12066379009 When your modem finishes dialing the number, you'll see what happens. Wireless modems have a limited range, only sending messages to modems within 64 blocks. isOpen(string side) boolean isOpen Returns true if the wireless modem is open. pastebin. receive() rednet. ComputerCraft is a Minecraft mod which adds programmable computers, turtles and more. Then i need a command that is called "toggleAlarm" and toggles the alarm. All devices are programmable with the easy to learn Lua scripting language. with the peripheral. Rahul Gandhi with his parents and sister - Awaaz N. type in the name of the file and it will run. T. attach("left", "wireless_modem", { -- The range of this modem range = 64, -- Whether this is an ender modem interdimensional = false, -- The current. So imagine this as if every peripheral on your network were directly connected to the computer using the API. Another option is ask Chickenbone to make his wireless mod to work as Peripheral and Turtle Upgrade. rednet. send() to. transmit(1, 2, "setActive(true)") This message will caught secondary computer Then, computer A will transmit a message through the wireless modem attached to its back to computer B. That's it! Back to top #2 SadKingBilly. WiRe is a server/client system for controlling redstone output. It may be possible, but I would just change the range to be nearly infinate. So I have been working on a global server for my Tekkit server, and this has led me to quite a lot of frustration since the 264 block limit on Wireless modems is a real killer. send (). It contains just two functions: <variable> = wp. Allowing access to local IPs: By default, ComputerCraft blocks access to local IP addresses for security. The gps API allows computers and turtles to find their current position using wireless modems. It is focused on controlling doors, hatches, bridges, barriers, etc (e.